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The historical past or past absolute
is used to indicate a completed action, and is used
mainly in writing and rarely in speech. It
is not a compound tense, and is formed by dropping
the regular stems of the verbs and adding these
endings:
| -are |
|
-ere |
|
-ire |
-ai
-asti
-ò |
-ammo
-aste
-arono |
|
-ei
-esti
-è |
-emmo
-este
-erono |
|
-ii
-isti
-ì |
-immo
-iste
-irono |
Avere and essere and many other verbs
are irregular in the historical past:
| avere |
|
essere |
|
fare |
|
dire |
ebbi
avesti
ebbe |
avemmo
aveste
ebbero |
|
fui
fosti
fu |
fummo
foste
furono |
|
feci
facesti
fece |
facemmo
faceste
fecero |
|
dissi
dicesti
disse |
dicemmo
diceste
dissero |
| dare |
|
bere |
|
stare |
diedi
desti
diede |
demmo
deste
diedero |
|
bevvi
bevesti
bevve |
bevemmo
beveste
bevvero |
|
stetti
stesti
stette |
stemmo
steste
stettero |
The following verbs are irregular
only in the io, lui/lei and loro forms. The
verbs are all either -ere or -ire verbs, so use
the irregular stem for these three forms and add
these endings: -i, -e, -ero. Use the regular
stem and regular endings for the other three forms.
| infinitive |
irregular stem |
|
infinitive |
irregular stem |
chiedere
chiudere
conscere
decidere
leggere
mettere
nascere
prendere |
chies-
chius-
conobb-
decis-
less-
mis-
nacqu-
pres- |
|
rispondere
sapere
scegliere
scrivere
vedere
venire
vivere
volere |
rispos-
sepp-
scels-
scriss-
vid-
venn-
viss-
voll- |
The past perfect of the historical
past is formed the same way as the past perfect
of the indicative. Just add the past participle
to the historical past of avere or essere.
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