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The Subjunctive mood expresses doubt,
uncertainty, hope, fear, possibility, opinions,
etc. and is used much more frequently in Italian.
It is mainly used in dependent clauses (sentences
introduced by a conjunction that do not have a complete
meaning) that are introduced by che.
The present subjunctive of regular verbs
is formed by dropping the normal endings, and adding
these new endings:
| -are |
-ere |
1st -ire |
2nd -ire |
-i
-i
-i |
-iamo
-iate
-ino |
-a
-a
-a |
-iamo
-iate
-ano |
-a
-a
-a |
-iamo
-iate
-ano |
-isca
-isca
-isca |
-iamo
-iate
-iscano |
Verbs ending in -care and -gare add
an h before all endings of the present subjunctive.
Verbs ending in -ciare and -giare drop the
i from their stems.
Many common verbs have irregular present
subjunctive forms:
| avere |
|
essere |
|
andare |
|
bere |
|
dare |
|
dire |
abbia
abbia
abbia |
abbiamo
abbiate
abbiano |
|
sia
sia
sia |
siamo
siate
siano |
|
vada
vada
vada |
andiamo
andiate
vadano |
|
beva
beva
beva |
beviamo
beviate
bevano |
|
dia
dia
dia |
diamo
diate
diano |
|
dica
dica
dica |
diciamo
diciate
dicano |
| dovere |
|
fare |
|
potere |
|
sapere |
debba
debba
debba |
dobbiamo
dobbiate
debbano |
|
faccia
faccia
faccia |
facciamo
facciate
facciano |
|
possa
possa
possa |
possiamo
possiate
possano |
|
sappia
sappia
sappia |
sappiamo
sappiate
sappiano |
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| stare |
|
uscire |
|
venire |
|
volere |
stia
stia
stia |
stiamo
stiate
stiano |
|
esca
esca
esca |
usciamo
usciate
escano |
|
venga
venga
venga |
veniamo
veniate
vengano |
|
voglia
voglia
voglia |
vogliamo
vogliate
vogliano |
The present perfect subjunctive is formed
with the present subjunctive of avere or essere
and the past participle of the main verb.
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