Declensions
of Adjectives
There are three types of declensions for
adjectives: adjectives used with der words, adjectives
used with ein words, and independent adjectives. Predicate
adjectives (Das brot ist frisch. The
bread is fresh.) are not declined and usually
follow a form of sein.
Adjectives used after der words (Weak Endings)
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
Neu. |
Plural |
| Nom. |
der gute Wein |
die gute Milch |
das gute Brot |
die guten Freunde |
| Acc. |
den guten Wein |
die gute Milch |
das gute Brot |
die guten Freunde |
| Dat. |
dem guten Wein |
der guten Milch |
dem guten Brot |
den guten Freunden |
| Gen. |
des guten Weines |
der guten Milch |
des guten Brotes |
der guten Freunde |
Adjectives used after ein words (Weak Endings)
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
Neu. |
Plural |
| Nom. |
kein guter Wein |
keine gute Milch |
kein gutes Brot |
keine guten Freunde |
| Acc. |
keinen guten Wein |
keine gute Milch |
kein gutes Brot |
keine guten Freunde |
| Dat. |
keinem guten Wein |
keiner guten Milch |
keinem guten Brot |
keinen guten Freunden |
| Gen. |
keines guten Weines |
keiner guten Milch |
keines guten Brotes |
keiner guten Freunde |
The only difference between the adjectives
used after der words and the adjectives used after
ein words are the masculine and neuter nominative,
and neuter accusative. The rest of the endings
are the same. These types of attributive adjectives
are the weak endings. The strong endings (below)
are used on adjectives that have no preceding article.
They are the same as the endings for the der
words (with the exception of the masculine and neuter
genitive.)
Independent Adjectives (Strong Endings)
|
Masc. |
Fem. |
Neu. |
Plural |
| Nom. |
guter Wein |
gute Milch |
gutes Brot |
gute Fruende |
| Acc. |
guten Wein |
gute Milch |
gutes Brot |
gute Fruende |
| Dat. |
gutem Wein |
guter Milch |
gutem Brot |
guten Fruenden |
| Gen. |
guten Weines |
guter Milch |
guten Brotes |
guter Fruende |
Note: Viele (many), wenige
(few), andere (other), einige (some), and mehrere
(several) are all plural expressions that do not
act as limiting words. Adjectives that follow
them take strong endings. In the singular, mancher
(many a) and solcher (such) also use strong
endings (when used with another adjective in the singular,
they turn into manch ein and so ein), but in the plural
they function as normal limiting words.
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