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Prepositions
| Prepositions that take the
Accusative case |
| durch |
through |
| gegen |
against |
| um |
around |
| für |
for |
| ohne |
without |
| Preps. that take the Dative case |
| aus |
out (of), from (country, town or place) |
| mit |
with, by means of (transportation) |
| von |
from (person, open space, or direction),
by |
| seit |
since, for |
| bei |
near, at, at home of or place of
business |
| nach |
after, to (cities and countries) |
| zu |
to (mostly people and specifically
named buildings) |
| gegenüber |
across from |
| außer |
except for, besides |
| Preps. that take the Genitive
case |
| während |
during |
| trotz |
in spite of |
| anstatt |
instead of |
| wegen |
because of |
| Preps. that may take Acc. or Dat. |
| an |
at, to, on (vertical surfaces, denotes border
or limiting area) |
| auf |
onto, on (horizontal surfaces), to
(some public buildings) |
| hinter |
behind |
| in |
in, into (building, enclosed space, feminine
or plural countries) |
| neben |
beside, next to |
| über |
over, above, across, about |
| unter |
under, below, among, beneath |
| vor |
in front of, before |
| zwischen |
between |
For the two-way prepositions: the
dative form indicates position and location and answers
the question where? The accusative form indicates
direction and movement and answers the question where
to? For example: In die Schule
means to school and uses the accusative form
because it is a direction. In der Schule
means in school and uses the dative form because
it is a location. But one exception is zu Hause
- at home (dat.) and nach Hause - (to) home (acc.)
Ich bin zu Hause is I am at home, and
Ich gehe nach Hause is I am going home.
| Accusative: movement
& direction |
Dative: location &
position |
Er hängt das Bild über das Sofa.
He hangs the picture over the sofa. |
Das Bild hängt über dem Sofa.
The picture hangs over the sofa. |
Stell es unter den Tisch.
Put it under the table. |
Es ist unter dem Tisch.
It is under the table. |
Fahren Sie den Wagen hinter das Haus.
Drive the car behind the house. |
Der Wagen steht hinter dem Haus.
The car is behind the house. |
Stellen Sie die Flaschen vor die Tür.
Put the bottles in front of the door. |
Die Flaschen stehen vor der Tür.
The bottles are in front of the door. |
Stell es auf den Tisch.
Put it on the table. |
Es liegt auf dem Tisch.
It's lying on the table. |
Schreib es an die Tafel.
Write it on the board. |
Es steht an der Tafel.
It is on the board. |
Er geht in die Küche.
He goes into the kitchen. |
Er ist in der Küche.
He is in the kitchen. |
Stellen Sie es neben das Haus.
Put it beside the house. |
Es ist neben dem Haus.
It is beside the house. |
Stell die Lampe zwischen das Sofa und
den Tisch.
Put the lamp between the sofa and the table. |
Die Lampe steht zwischen dem Sofa und dem
Tisch.
The lamp is between the sofa and the table. |
Note: Stellen, legen and
setzen use the accusative case, while stehen, liegen
and sitzen use the dative case.
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