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Present participle
Present participles can be used as adjectives,
as verbs, or like a qui clause. When
an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies.
When a verb, it is invariable. Preceded
by en, (equivalent to while, by, upon or
in), it corresponds to the English -ing verb form.
Used without en, the present participle
can act like a qui clause and can also replace a
causative cause. To form this participle,
drops the -ons ending of the nous form in the present
tense and add -ant.
Three exceptions:
| avoir |
ayant |
| être |
étant |
| savoir |
sachant |
| Est-ce que tu rêves en dormant? |
Do you dream while sleeping? |
| En ouvrant le frigo, j'ai trouvé
quelque chose à manger. |
By opening the fridge, I found something
to eat. |
| N'ayant pas assez d'argent, il
a volé le livre. |
Not having enough money, he stole the
book. |
| Elle a vu un corbeau tenant dans
son bec un poisson. |
She saw a crow holding a fish in his beak. |
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