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Direct / Indirect Discourse

Direct discourse relates exactly what someone has said or written, using quotation marks and the original wording.  Indirect discourse relates indirectly, without quotation marks, what someone has said or written.  It works the same way in French as it does in English.

Direct Discourse Indirect Discourse
Main verb is present Il me dit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il me dit qu'il part en vacances et
que sa famille a loué une villa.
Main verb in past Il m'a dit: <<Je pars en vacances
et ma famille a loué une villa.>>
Il m'a dit qu'il partait en vacances et
que sa famille avait loué une villa.

Note that if the main verb is in the present tense, no tense changes occur when using indirect discourse.  However, if the main verb is in a past tense, the following tense changes occur:

Present ---> Imperfect
Passé Composé --> Pluperfect

(The Imperfect and Pluperfect do not change.)

Remember to use que to introduce each dependent clause, and adjust personal pronouns and possessive adjectives.

In questions, the following (rather uncomplicated) changes occur:

1. Yes/no questions = si + declarative sentence
Je t'ai demandé si tu avais faim.

2. Où, quand, comment, etc. = interrogative word + declarative sentence
Il m'a demandé à quelle heure j'allais revenir.

3. Interrogative pronouns are a little trickier:

qui est-ce qui
qui est-ce que
qui Il m'a demandé qui était resté.
Elle m'a demandé qui j'avais vu.
qu'est-ce qui ce qui Ils m'ont demandé ce qui s'était passé.
qu'est-ce que ce que Elles m'ont demandé ce que j'avais dit.
 

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