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Interrogative
Pronouns
| To ask about people: |
|
Long Form |
Short Form |
Translation |
| Subject |
Qui est-ce qui
Qui est-ce qui est venu? |
Qui
Qui est venu? |
Who came? |
| Direct Object |
Qui est-ce que
Qui est-ce que tu as vu? |
Qui
Qui as-tu vu? |
Whom did you see? |
| Object of Preposition |
Preposition + qui est-ce que
A qui est-ce que tu as parlé? |
Preposition + qui
A qui as-tu parlé? |
Whom did you speak to? |
| To ask about things: |
|
Long Form |
Short Form |
Translation |
| Subject |
Qu'est-ce qui
Qu'est-ce qui est arrivé? |
No short form |
What happened? |
| Direct Object |
Qu'est-ce que
Qu'est-ce que tu as fait? |
Que
Qu'as-tu fait? |
What did you do? |
| Object of Preposition |
Preposition + quoi est-ce que
De quoi est-ce que tu as parlé? |
Preposition + quoi
De quoi as-tu parlé? |
What did you talk about? |
1. Use of Inversion when Subject
is Noun:
a. With qui and quoi, inversion pattern is regular.
Qui Marie a-t-elle vu? Whom did
Marie see?
De quoi Marc a-t-il besoin? What
does Marc need?
b. With que, the noun subject must be inverted directly.
Que veut Jean? What does Jean want?
Que font les autres? What are the
others doing?
c. However, if the sentence contains more
than a subject and verb, or if the verb is
in a compound tense (such as the passé composé),
the short form is not used.
Qu'est-ce que Luc veut faire aujourd'hui? What
does Luc want to do today?
Qu'est-ce que les autres ont fait? What
did the others do?
2. Verb Agreement:
a. Interrogative pronouns are usually masculine
singular.
Les voitures font du bruit. Qu'est-ce
qui fait du bruit?
Les enfants sont arrivés. Qui est
arrivé?
b. Exception: when qui is followed by
a conjugated form of être,
the verbs agrees with the noun that follows.
Qui étaient Les Trois Mousquetaires?
3. Qu'est-ce que (or qui) vs.
Quel:
a. Qu'est-ce que c'est que is used to ask for a
definition,
and quel asks for specific information.
Qu'est-ce que c'est que le camembert? What
is "camembert"?
Quel est le problème? What is the
problem?
b. When followed by a conjugated form of être, quel
is used if être is followed by a noun
and qu'est-ce qui is used if être is followed by
anything other than a noun.
Quelle est la date? What is the
date?
Qu'est-ce qui est bon? What is good?
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